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Variants of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who developed...
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Affymetrix
Affymetrix (NASDAQ: AFFX) is a manufacturer of DNA microarrays, based in Santa Clara, California, United States. The company was co-founded by Dr. Stephen Fodor in 1992. The company was begun as a unit...
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Agricultural Biotechnology
With increase in population and concern about the quality of food, the bio-agriculture has gained focus in the recent past in India. The farmers in India are looking at the GM seeds, biofertilizers,...
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Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most commonly studied species in this genus....
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Amgen
Amgen Inc. (NASDAQ: AMGN, SEHK: 4332) is an international biotechnology company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. Located in the Conejo Valley, Amgen is the largest independent biotech firm....
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Bionic architecture
Bionic architecture is a movement for the design and construction of expressive buildings whose layout and lines borrow from natural (i.e. biological) forms. The movement began to mature in the early...
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Genetic use restriction technology
Genetic use restriction technology (GURT), colloquially known as terminator technology, is the name given to proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by causing second...
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AnaSpec
AnaSpec Inc. is a biotechnology company headquartered in San Jose, California. Located in the Silicon Valley, it is a provider of custom and catalog research peptides, antibodies, dyes, assay kits, and...
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Human Insulin
Amongst the earliest uses of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing is the use of recombinant DNA technology to modify escherichia coli bacteria to produce human insulin, which was performed at...
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Transcriptome
The transcriptome is the set of all messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, or "transcripts," produced in one or a population of cells. The term can be applied to the total set of transcripts in a given...
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Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation (xeno- from the Greek meaning "foreign") is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another such as from pigs to humans (see Medical grafting)....
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Dynamic Genomics
During the Persian Gulf War, some 700 000 individuals were exposed to a whole range of environmental hazards, including low-level chemical warfare agents, investigational drugs (inclucing...
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Endogenous Viruses and Chronic Disease
Retroviruses are RNA viruses found in all vertebrates. The retrovirus reproduces by reverse transcribing (copying) its RNA into DNA that is then integrated into the host-cell genome to be transcribed...
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Molecular Genetic Engineers in Junk DNA
Perhaps only 1% of the human genome codes for genes, and that’s what the human genome map contains. The rest is mainly repetitive DNA, commonly known as ‘junk DNA’.However, evidence has been emerging...
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Stem cell
Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse...
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Scrambled Genomes in Human Gene Therapy and Transgenic Plants
Human gene therapy is usually considered separate and distinct from genetic modification (GM) of crops, but this is misleading.Adeno-associated virus vectors (AAV) are most commonly used in clinical...
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Adult Bone Marrow Cells Mend Heart without Transplant
Sudden blockages of a major artery to the heart cuts off blood supply and lead to rapid death of the muscle cells and blood vessels in the heart. This condition, myocardial infarction, is a common form...
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SARS Virus Genetically Engineered
The SARS epidemic started in the weeks that the ‘allied forces’ were waging war on Iraq to hunt down Saddam Hussein and his still elusive ‘weapons of mass destruction’.SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory...
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Antibiotic
The term "antibiotic" was coined by Selman Waksman in 1942 to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution. This...
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Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a specific type of drug resistance when a microorganism has the ability of withstanding the effects of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance evolves via natural selection acting...
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Xenobiotic metabolism
Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons....
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Antibiotic misuse
Antibiotic misuse, (sometimes called antibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse) refers to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics which has serious effects on public health. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is...
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Drug resistance
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a drug in curing a disease or improving a patient's symptoms. When the drug is not intended to kill or inhibit a pathogen, then the term is...
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Broad-spectrum antibiotic
The term broad-spectrum antibiotic refers to an antibiotic with activity against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. It is also means that it acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative...
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DNA replication
DNA replication, the basis for biological inheritance, is a fundamental process occurring in all living organisms to copy fghtheir DNA. This process is "replication" in that each strand of the original...
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